Mark Prigg : Daily Mail, UK : Thu, 12 Jun 2014

The presence of liquid water on the surface is what makes our 'blue planet' habitable, and scientists have long been trying to figure out just how much water may be cycling between Earth's surface and interior reservoirs through plate tectonics. They now believe reservoirs 400 miles under the surface hold the key.

* Ingredients for water are bound up in rock deep in the Earth's mantle
* Scientists claim the find may represent the planet's largest water reservoir
* It is believed to cover most of the U.S - 400 miles below the surface
* Researchers will now carry out further tests to discover if the water wraps around the entire planet

The Earth's largest expanse of water isn't on the surface of the planet, but instead is buried deep within its mantle, researchers have found.  They claim the ingredients for water are bound up in deep rocks, and scientists believe the discovery may represent the planet's largest water reservoir.  Deep pockets of magma were found using seismic waves beneath North America, and this magma is said to be a clear sign of water.  So far, researchers claim they only have evidence the water sits beneath the U.S., but they plan to carry out further tests to see if it wraps around the entire planet.

The presence of liquid water on the surface is what makes our 'blue planet' habitable, and scientists have long been trying to figure out just how much water may be cycling between Earth's surface and interior reservoirs through plate tectonics.

Northwestern geophysicist Steve Jacobsen and University of New Mexico seismologist Brandon Schmandt say the findings, to be published June 13 in the journal Science, will aid scientists in understanding how the Earth formed, what its current composition and inner workings are and how much water is trapped in mantle rock. 

'Geological processes on the Earth's surface, such as earthquakes or erupting volcanoes, are an expression of what is going on inside the Earth, out of our sight,' said Jacobsen, a co-author of the paper  'I think we are finally seeing evidence for a whole-Earth water cycle, which may help explain the vast amount of liquid water on the surface of our habitable planet.   'Scientists have been looking for this missing deep water for decades.'

Scientists have long speculated that water is trapped in a rocky layer of the Earth's mantle located between the lower mantle and upper mantle, at depths between 250 miles and 410 miles.  Jacobsen and Schmandt are the first to provide direct evidence that there may be water in this area of the mantle, known as the 'transition zone,' on a regional scale.  The region extends across most of the interior of the United States.

Schmandt and Jacobsen's findings build on a discovery reported in March in the journal Nature in which scientists discovered a piece of the mineral ringwoodite inside a diamond brought up from a depth of 400 miles by a volcano in Brazil.  That tiny piece of ringwoodite - the only sample in existence from within the Earth - contained a surprising amount of water bound in solid form in the mineral.
Source: Science

Read the whole story at : http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2656635/Forget-Oceans-researchers-Earths-biggest-water-reservoir-BENEATH-United-States.html
or http://www.sott.net/article/280395-Earths-largest-water-reservoir-is-found-trapped-in-rock-400-miles-under-the-surface

More people are starting to look at what we've done to this planet, especially since the birth of the technological revolution. Our oceans have been suffering for a very long time, with countless oil spills and toxic waste dumped into them every single day from industrial practices and more. Despite having numerous ways to operate in a fashion that is more harmonious with the planet, we continue to choose to destroy our planet on a daily basis, and we can't afford to do that anymore. Despite how much our planet is suffering, people everyday are starting wake up and realize that we really do need to look at, question, and change the way we operate here on planet Earth. This shift in perception alone can help springboard us towards change, and creating a new experience for us and other beings who we share the planet with.

Whales have been showing up dead on multiple beaches, bringing us a message with stomachs full of plastic. This has happened multiple times. In the summer of july 2013, a sperm whale was stranded on Tershelling, a Northern island in the Netherlands. The whale swallowed 56 different plastic items that totalled over 37 pounds. In april 2010, a gray whale died after stranding itself on a West Seattle beach, it was found to have over 20 plastic bags, small towels, surgical gloves, plastic pieces, duct tape, and more in its system. In March of 2013 a dead sperm whale washed up on Spain's South coast which swallowed 17kg of plastic waste.

The list goes on and on. Keep in mind, these are whales who choose to beach themselves or have washed up on shore, think about all the whales and other marine beings that don't.

These are not uncommon events, in 1989 a stranded sperm whale in the Lavezzi Islands died of a stomach obstruction after accidentally ingesting plastic bags and 100 feet of plastic sheeting. A paper published in 1990 reports that a sperm whale in Iceland died due to a complete obstruction of the gut with plastic marine debris. In August 2008, a sperm whale washed up dead on the beach near Point Reyes, California, with 450 Pounds of fishing net, plastic bags and rope found in its stomach (see picture above) In 2008, the California Marine Mammal Stranding Database recorded another sperm whale with enormous amounts of plastic and fish netting in its stomach. I'll stop there as there are countless examples.

By now, you've probably heard of "The Great Garbage Patch," it's an area the size of Queensland, Australia where there is approximately one million tonnes of plastic spread throughout the ocean. Drag a net in any area of this part of the ocean and you will pick up toxic, discarded plastic.

We've shown this video before, but here it is again just in case you missed it.

Phan Anh·1 video

With the Fukushima disaster and the famous gulf oil spill in 2004, as well as many more we don't even hear about, I'm surprised anything at all is alive in our oceans. These events, and many more should stop everyone from their daily routines, just stop, and say no more. The world should not continue forward, people should not go to work, it's time for all of us to stop, come together and change this world. Now is our window of opportunity. These events should really serve as triggers for us to wake up and change our ways.

A mass collective desire to change these things is what has, and will put the human race on a journey to do so. It's time to educate ourselves about what is really happening on the planet, and bring awareness to the most important issues we must tackle today. This is why alternative media outlets are so important, they bring awareness and shed light on what corporate media hardly covers.

Our planet is calling on us to change our ways, and the change starts with you. At the same time, our planet is calling for a massive transformation. All of the corporations and toxic industrial practices must stop what they are doing. New, clean , green technology is available and we could easily replace all of these plastics with hemp, and much much more. We have so many solutions, yet we do not implement them.

I want to provide solutions to this problem, and it's hard to come up with them other than making changes in your own lives. There are wonderful individuals like  this one, a 19 year old boy who developed a cleanup array that could remove over seven million tons of plastic from our oceans.

Sources:
As the oceans choke on plastic so do the whales.
Spanish sperm whale death linked to UK supermarket supplier's plastic

R & S : Thu, 30 Jan 2014 :  xposethereal.com

No, it's not an alien planet. It's just Rio. On Jan. 23rd, Helio C. Vital looked out over the ocean from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and saw something out of this world--a rectangular sun:

As alien as it appeared, this was a phenomenon of Earth. "An inversion air layer next to the sea surface caused the top of the setting sun to acquire unusual shapes. In a matter of tens of seconds, it went from a saucer to a cup, then to a rectangle," says Vital.

Atmospheric optics expert Les Cowley explains further: "A mirage morphed the sun into a rectangular block brighter at its top edge. It is even more complex than it seems. Sun rays are deflected (refracted) through the different temperature layers of a temperature inversion, cold air trapped beneath warmer air, to form not one sun image but three or even more. The topmost bright strip is the sun grazing the top of the inversion layer.   Beneath it are two or more sun images, half of them rising and the others descending. They overlap to form the rectangle. Other shots show the separate sun images."

"Look for these mock-mirages and their green flashes when the horizon shows a dark band of a temperature inversion," he advises. "But take care and never ever use binoculars or a telescope. Magnified sunlight can cause serious eye damage."
www.spaceweather.com

Japan got just a little bit bigger this week, as a volcano created a brand new island about 600 miles (970 kilometers) south of Tokyo.  The island is about 660 feet (200 meters) in diameter, according to the Japanese coast guard. It sits off the coast of Nishinoshima, itself a small uninhabited island in a group of about 30 islands known as the Bonin Islands, or the Ogasawara chain.  Asked by the media if the new island will soon get a name, Japanese government spokesperson Yoshihide Suga replied that officials will first wait to see how long it sticks around, since new islands have a tendency to disappear back below the waves in a short time. (Related: "How Did the Pakistan Earthquake Create a Mud Island?")  "If it becomes a full-fledged island, we would be happy to have more territory," Suga told the press.

On Thursday, the Japanese coast guard released video of the new island, forged under billowing smoke and steam. The video shows ash and rocks exploding from a crater that erupted from the sea.  A coast guard volcanologist, Hiroshi Ito, told FNN news that it's unclear if the island will become permanent or get reclaimed by the sea.

Japan is an archipelago of thousands of islands, though most of the nation's people live on a few of the largest ones. Japan is well known for volcanic activity and earthquakes, and it is perched on the Ring of Fire, a fringe of coastline that surrounds much of the Pacific Ocean.  The tectonically active region includes coastal eastern Asia and long stretches of western North and South America. It is the Ring of Fire that fueled last century's big eruptions at Mount St. Helens in Washington State and Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.  The volcanoes that built Japan's newest island last erupted in the mid-1970s, along the Izu-Ogasawara-Mariana Trench.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/11/131121-japan-volcano-new-island-eruption-science/

September 20, 2013 – AFRICA - In the desert of northern Ethiopia, there’s a great rift in the ground which has long thought to have been the starting point of a new ocean, but a recent discovery has scientists wondering if they called that right, or if they’re instead seeing a whole new kind of feature forming.

(Photo courtesy: Volcano Discovery)

The Afar Rift has been called ‘an ocean in the making,’ as this is where the continents of Africa and Asia are slowly spreading apart from one another. Presumably, sometime in the future, the continents would get far enough apart that water from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden would rush in and we would be witness to the birth of what would someday become a new ocean. Scientists have seen similarities between the Rift and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where magma wells up to make the ocean floor spread.

However, a research team recently discovered a massive blob of magma, measuring around 500 cubic kilometers in size, lurking deep beneath the region, and that’s unlike anything they’ve seen before. When magma rises up from deep down under mid-ocean ridges and volcanoes, it tends to form reservoirs just beneath the surface, and these reservoirs act to feed the activity of the ridge or volcano. The magma doesn’t stay deeper down in the mantle because it’s too buoyant — it gets forced upwards into the crust by the pressures around it. In the case of the magma under the Afar Rift, though, it’s quite far down, roughly 10 kilometers below the surface, and the blob is huge — extending downward to a total depth of around 35 kilometers and it’s roughly 30 kilometers wide. Also, this apparently isn’t just a recent development, as the researchers say the volume of magma implies that it’s been there for tens of thousands of years.

Although this new discovery has sparked a lot of discussion amongst geologists and geophysicists, the researchers have one possible explanation for what they’re seeing. Reservoirs of magma that gather near the surface feed volcanoes and mid-ocean ridges, and these tend to provide these formations with ‘fuel’ to cause localized or sporadic events. A huge magma reservoir that stays deep down in the mantle, like this one, could be what causes enough strain to build up in the crust to actually split continents apart. –Yahoo News

August 20, 2013 – ATLANTIC - Previously, oceanographers thought the Atlantic Ocean seafloor didn’t spit out as much iron as other regions. However, a recently discovered plume of iron billowing from the depth of the Atlantic Ocean suggests the seafloor may be pumping iron like a young Arnold Schwarzenegger. The oceanic iron cloud spreads for more than 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Atlantic from west of Angola, Africa, to northeast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The iron-rich waters flow 1,500 to 3,500 meters (4,921 – 11,482 feet) beneath the surface of the ocean. The complete extent and shape of the iron plume remains to be discovered. “We had never seen anything like it,” said Mak Saito, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute scientist and lead author of the study, in a press release. “We were sort of shocked—there’s this huge bull’s-eye right in the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean. We didn’t quite know what to do with it, because it went contrary to a lot of our expectations.”

Cracks in the Earth crust, or hydrothermal vents, on the ocean floor released the iron. However, the type of vent came as a surprise to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and University of Liverpool oceanographers who discovered it. A long ridge splits the Atlantic Ocean as geological forces gradually force the ocean wider. The slow-spreading Atlantic ridge was thought to produce less iron and other chemicals than vents in regions with speedier splits, like the ridge in the eastern Pacific. “This study and other studies like it are going to force the scientific community to reevaluate how much iron is really being contributed by hydrothermal vents and to increase those estimates, and that has implications for not only iron geochemistry but a number of other disciplines as well,” said Saito.

The Atlantic Ocean iron plume may provide a smorgasbord for oceanic phytoplankton, the tiny, plant-like organisms that form the base of many marine food webs. Those phytoplankton provide food for fish and whales. The plankton also suck in large amounts of carbon dioxide. When the plankton die they can carry that carbon with them to bottom of the ocean.
–Discovery News
http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2013/08/20/atlantic-ocean-floor-oozing-massive-iron-cloud-plume/

This 'Spirit Science' video contains much information which is controversial. 
Watch the video with an open mind and take from it only what resonates with you. 
Messenger Spirit

TheSpiritScience·55 videos

Uploaded on 31 Jan 2012

Today we bring you something special! Before you lies the entire collection of the Human History story which was previously spread across 5 episodes of Spirit Science! This special featured video is brought to you by a man named Andrew Golden, who has compiled all of these videos in 1080p for your viewing pleasure! Get out some popcorn and dim the lights, this is gonna be good!

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Our history is not what we think! Over the past few thousand years, we have warped our own history. Our versions of the past has been mistranslated, changed, altered and skewed to fit our understanding of reality, and completely left out many things that we cannot explain.

Today, we are going to look at an alternate version of our history, a version that was recorded across many ancient tablets and artifacts throughout time, which have only recently been uncovered.

This story may be a little cosmic, it may not even all be true, but you will have to decide that for yourself.

Based on the work of Drunvalo Melchizidek in the Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life.

Made with Love by many, many beautiful people in the credits of the movie. Enjoy everyone! We love you!

This weekend's full Moon is a "supermoon," as much as 14% bigger and 30% brighter than other full Moons of 2013. Even on Friday night, 36 hours before maximum illumination, the Moon already looked super:

David Hoffmann took the picture on June 21st from Ashland, Oregon. "The Moon will not be as close to Earth again until August 2014," he says.

The scientific term for the phenomenon is "perigee moon." Full Moons vary in size because of the oval shape of the Moon's orbit. The Moon follows an elliptical path around Earth with one side ("perigee") about 50,000 km closer than the other ("apogee"). Full Moons that occur on the perigee side of the Moon's orbit seem extra big and bright.

On June 23rd, the Moon becomes full at 11:34 UT, only 23 minutes after it reaches perigee. This near-perfect coincidence makes the Moon "super."

It's true that a perigee full Moon brings with it extra-high "perigean tides," but according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration this is nothing to worry about. In most places, lunar gravity at perigee pulls tide waters only a few centimeters (an inch or so) higher than usual. Local geography can amplify the effect to about 15 centimeters (six inches)--not exactly a great flood.

In other words, don't worry. Just enjoy the super moonlight.   www.spaceweather.com

           By Doug Fraser ;  dfraser@capecodonline.com

June 15, 2013 FALMOUTH — It was late afternoon Thursday and Jim Limberakis, 60, was working at his Falmouth Harbor waterfront restaurant, The Clam Shack.  Suddenly the harbor water started doing something he'd never seen in his 50 years at that location.

"We noticed this huge surge of water going out of the harbor almost like a riptide with waves building up at the entrance," Limberakis recalled. "Then it suddenly surged back into the harbor."  That back and forth surge of water continued for about an hour, Limberakis said, and then it was gone.

"It was the strangest thing I'd ever seen," he said. "I've been here since I was a kid, and I've never seen anything like it."

It was a tsunami, said U.S. Geological Survey oceanographer Jeff List, whose office is in Woods Hole. It just wasn't the earthquake- or landslide-generated surges people know and fear. This was a fairly rare meteotsunami, which originates with changes in atmospheric pressure.

Think of the intense low pressure in the center of a hurricane, which has a barometric pressure significantly lower than the air around it. The decreased downward force on the water allows water at the center of the storm to rise into a mound that is higher than the level of the surrounding ocean.

When a large front moves out over the sea, like one that moved offshore Thursday, there is a similar difference between the air pressure of the front and the air over the ocean. That drop in air pressure mounds up the water beneath it and, if the speed of the incoming weather system matches that of the deep water waves below, it can generate a tsunami, just like one generated by an earthquake or a landslide.

"Once it's released it's a tsunami," List said. "When it encounters a V-shaped bay on the coast, it can get amplified."

The effect depends on coastal topography, List said. "Someone could have been standing at Falmouth Heights and not even noticed a 2-foot rise and fall."

But Falmouth Harbor does have a long V shape and the effects of the surge were magnified.

List believes that the tsunami, which seems to have extended from Montauk, Long Island, up to Chatham, was probably spawned somewhere between New Jersey and New York. It doesn't appear to have caused any damage. The biggest differential in water height was a little under 2 feet above and below the tide height, according to tidal records kept by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Woods Hole.

A review of NOAA tide data from Thursday clearly shows the repetitive oscillation of a falling tide erupting in peaks and valleys that resemble a seismic readout of an earthquake, as the initial wave bounced off the Cape shoreline, then off other objects in Vineyard Sound and back again.

"It's like throwing a stone into a pool," List said. "They do have the potential to be dangerous."

A meteotsunami hit Boothbay Harbor and the central coast of Maine in 2008 with a surge estimated at between 4 and 12 feet high.

The Great Lakes are actually considered a meteotsunami hot spot.

On Thursday, Bob Boden was coming into Falmouth Harbor at around 4 p.m. from a trip as captain of the ferry Quickwater. "The current in front of our dock usually runs at about a half-knot at most. This was running at 5, 6, 7 knots," he said. The water level in the harbor dropped by more than a foot in 10 minutes, Boden said.

Boden and Limberakis had seen the videos of the water flowing out to sea just before the big tsunamis that hit Indian Ocean beaches in 2004.   "Really, it was kind of spooky. What's next, we asked, a tidal wave?" Limberakis said.

METEOTSUNAMIS:  For more on meteotsunamis go to: http://meteotsunami.weebly.com/history.html

Astronomers in the Netherlands have discovered a world where the sun is square. It is Earth. On June 6th Jan Koeman was watching the sunset from Lauwersoog, and this is what he saw:

"The sunset was a very weird one," says Koeman. "Inversions in the atmosphere gave it some very odd shapes."

UK atmospheric optics expert Les Cowley was in the Netherlands last week. "Conditions were favorable for this kind of mirage," he says. "To see weird miraged suns, look out at sunrise in very cold weather and at sunset when it is hot. We had beautiful hot sunny weather all last week in the Netherlands. The sun heated the land and topmost layers of the sea to generate by early evening strong temperature inversions, layers of unusually warm air beneath cooler air. The setting sun rays slanted through the layers where they were bent to form multiple image slices that combine into outlandish shapes and even stacked pancakes. Sometimes tiny green flashes can be photographed on the topmost pancake."

"I was looking for the green flash," adds Koeman, "but this time no success. More sunsets will follow."
www.spaceweather.com

May 15, 2013 – ALASKA - U.S. Forest Service Geologist Jim Baichtal, who is based on Prince of Wales Island, and Anchorage geologist Sue Karl were looking at some hydrographic surveys, something geologists tend to do. "When we were done, I noticed the area from Thorne Arm to Rudyerd had been surveyed,” Baichtal said. “I zoomed in and there was this large… some kind of volcano, and two other dome-like structures.” Karl added that, “This new NOAA survey allowed us to see things that people had never seen before.” Karl said a modern example of a similar eruption is Surtsey, a volcanic island in Iceland, which erupted from the sea floor in the 1960s, building itself up and eventually breaching the surface to form the island.

Karl points out that when the newly discovered volcano erupted, sea levels also were lower than they are now, but even with that, “We still have too much depth. We have to call on glacial loading and rebound.” “When you get a thousand feet of ice sitting on the ground, it is very heavy,” she explains. “It actually depresses the earth’s crust. After the glacier melts back, the earth will rebound.” Like a trampoline, or waterbed, but at a much slower pace. “So at one time, in Misty Fiords, there was close to 4,000 foot of ice on that site, so the weight of that ice at least pushed down (created) as high as 400 feet of displacement,” Baichtal added. So, in summary, the volcano erupted within the last 13,000 years, after the ice retreated, as the land was slowly bouncing back, and when sea levels were lower.

They figured out most of this stuff just from examining the surveys. Volcanoes show up along faults in the earth’s crust, so when the fault moves enough to expose magma, that can lead to a volcanic eruption. Since faults don’t go away, volcanic eruptions in Southeast Alaska are possible in the future. “With the evidence that we have and the geologic age of the things that are there, there is no reason why it couldn’t,” he said. “I wouldn’t be surprised if it did.” But, Karl said people shouldn’t get anxious about it. “We have much better technology for detecting the initiation of one of these sorts of things now,” she said. “I don’t think people need to get too worried.”

The newly discovered volcano is very close to New Eddystone Rock, which is what’s left over from another volcano, which may have erupted around the same time frame. They are both near the entrance to Misty Fiords National Monument. -KRBD

May 9, 2013 – BRAZIL - It’s not the legendary Atlantis, but researchers are claiming to have found traces of a long-lost continent buried in the Atlantic Ocean near Brazil. The researchers announced on Tuesday that samples of rock from the site appear to be remnants of Pangea, the prehistoric supercontinent from which the Americas, Africa, and other present-day land masses eventually emerged.  A Brazilian-Japanese team that included researchers from the Brazilian Geological Survey, the Oceanographic Institute of Sao Paolo, and Japan’s Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology found the rocks during an expedition to study the Rio Grande Elevation, a high-rising mass of ocean floor about 930 miles from the shore of Rio de Janeiro.

Over a month of study, the team examined the formation up close through a series of dives in a three-person submersible craft to as far down as 21,000 feet below the surface. It was on these dives that the team noticed that the rock’s composite minerals included granite, iron, and cobalt, none of which were present in the surrounding seabed. The granite was a particularly noteworthy find, since this rock usually only appears on land. The researchers drilled into the rock and extracted a few samples, which they brought up to the surface and subjected to deeper chemical analyses. They now hypothesize that the rock may have been an island that existed alongside Pangea until 100 million years ago, when the land masses that would become South America and Africa started breaking off of the supercontinent. The island may have gotten caught in between these fissures and pulverized into the ocean floor.

Roberto Ventura Santos, director of the Brazilian Geological Survey, and other observers have already dubbed this theoretical island “Brazil’s Atlantis,” in allusion to the island of ancient Greek lore. However, this real-life island would presumably have disappeared beneath the waves millions of years before there were any Greeks—or any humans, for that matter—around to see it and write tributes to it. No one expects to find any ancient cities within this granite, but Santos does suggest that the rock’s discovery may have significant implications for our understanding of the formation of the continents and the evolution of Earth’s crust. The team is now gathering samples of rock previously found in other portions of the southern Atlantic for cross-comparisons. It expects to return to the Rio Grande Elevation and conduct further drilling along the site later this year.
–Science Recorder

Suspicious0bservers·751 videos

February 25, 2013 – AFRICA – Scientists believe they’ve discovered the remains of a lost continent on the floor of the Indian Ocean, off Africa. The research team from Norway, South Africa, Germany and the UK identified the ancient “microcontinent” after analysing beach sands from the island of Mauritius. They believe Mauritius was split from the larger island of Madagascar, 900 kilometres to the west, by volcanic eruptions between 61 and 84 million years ago. The beach sands were deposited by subsequent eruptions within the last nine million years. But the analysis found a smattering of zircon grains up to 2 billion years old, suggesting the recent volcanoes had spewed out fragments of an ancient continental crust.

They believe the microcontinent, which they have christened “Mauritia”, may also lie beneath Réunion Island and the Seychelles.The discovery helps explain the origin of the Seychelles, which have “long been considered a geological peculiarity”, the team reports in the journal Nature Geoscience.   “The Indian Ocean could be littered with continental fragments, but the extent of continental crust remains speculative because these fragments have been obscured by hotspot-related volcanism.”

While the study involved modern techniques – including plate tectonic reconstructions and analysis of gravity and marine geophysical data – it reflects an ancient fascination with lost continents. The story of Atlantis, which supposedly lay in the Atlantic Ocean west of Spain and Morocco, has its origins in two dialogues by the philosopher Plato in 355 BC. Rumours of new lands abounded from the 15th century, as Portuguese, Spanish and Italian navigators pushed the boundaries of the known world. “Hi-Brazil,” which reportedly lay west of Ireland and was inhabited by large black rabbits, survived on maps for centuries. The scientists in the latest study promise a more rigorous approach. “Critical to furthering our tale of lost continents are deep drilling, acquisition of high-quality seismic refraction data … coupled with geochemistry, geochronology and plate reconstructions,” they report. –The Australian
http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2013/02/25/scientists-find-remnants-of-lost-continent-off-the-coast-of-africa/